Telegraphy.



No. 831,288. PATENTED SEPT. 18, 1906. 1. KITSEE.

TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.22. 1905.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIOE.

ISIDOR KTSEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE HALF TO WILLIAM J. LATTA, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

TELEGRAPHY..

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 18, 1906;

Application filed November 22, 1905. Serial No. 288,550.

To all whom it muy concern:

Be it known that I, IsrDoR KITsEE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in electric telegraphy, and has more special reference to the receiving device for such telegraphy. One of its objects is to prevent sparking or sticking on receiving device. A second of its objects is to produce an elicient translating device.

In long-distance lines, especially in lines with large capacity-such, for instance, as submarine cable-the receiving instrument has to be of great sensitiveness, and if it is desired to use the same as a relay in conjunction with a local-circuit-containing translating device the great disadvantage arises that .through the opening and closing of the local circuit sparking and therefore sticking the movable part of the relay cannot be avoided, and it is, as said above, one of the aims of my invention to overcome this diiiiculty.

Referring to the drawing, which illustrates in partially diagrammatic and partially plan view my invention, A designates the sensitive relay connected in the line of transmission. This relay is here shown as one of the well-known types of polarized devices with stationary electromagnets, and in this device a designates the movable lever, and a and c2 the two points of contact, respectively.

C designates the localized translating device, here shown as a common sounder provided with my improvements. Of this device cis the movable lever, provided with the adjustable screw c, insulated from said lever by the insulating-pieces 014.' This screw has, as in the usual sounder, the oHice to adjust the downstroke of the movable lever. c2 is a metallic bracket provided with the adjustable screw c3. This screwperforms the oi'lice, as in the usual sounder, to adjust the upper stroke of the lever. c4 is a set of electromagnets-such, for instance, as usually employed in Sounders-and c5 is the armature therefor g but in addition to this set of electromagnets I provide instead of the usual spring a second set of electromagnets, (here designated as 012 and provided-With the armature cl3.) The lever c is pivoted at 015 and is provided with a device adapted to equalize the weight of both halves of the lever. This equalizing device is here shown as a movable weight c, a screw-threaded rod C10, and uprights cw. The coil of the electromagnet c4 is provided with the binding-posts c6 and c7, the terminals of said coil being, as usually, connected to said binding-posts. The coil of electromagnet c12 is provided with binding-posts c8 and c, and the terminals of this coil are connected to these binding-posts.

D is the local circuit, here shown as to comprise a source of current d and two resistances, (designated, respectively, as d and d2.) The circuit is also provided with the switch d3. One pole of the source l is connected, through wire l, with one terminal of the resistance CZ. The other pole of the battery is connected with interposition of the switch d3 through wire 3 with one terminal of the resistance d2. Both of these resistances are joined together through wire 2.

The electrical connection betweenthe relay A, the translating device C, and the circuit D is as follows: The movable lever a of the device A is connected, through wire 7, with wire 2. The contact a/ is connected, through wire 12, with binding-post c8 of the electromagnet cl2. The other binding-post c9 of said electromagnet is connected, through wire 6, with one terminal Aof the resistance d. The contact a2 is connected, through wire 5, with the binding-post c7 of electromagnet c4, and the binding-post cG of said electromagnet is connected, through wire 4, with one terminal of the resistance d2. From this description it is readily seen that through the movement of the armature a a circuit is closed around one or the other of the resistances d and d2. It is supposed that the armature now rests, as is illustrated in the drawing, against the contact a. The circuit closed around d consists of the following; wire 7, armature o, contact a, wire 12, binding-post 08, coil of electromagnet cl2, binding-post c", and wire 6. It is supposed that the coil of the electromagnet c12 has a resistance of twenty ohms, and as the resistance of the other wires and connections do not reach the value of one ohm it may be taken for grantedy that the resistance of this circuit is not larger It is now supposed than twenty-one ohms.

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that the value of the resistance d is about one hundred ohms, and as the current flows in inverse proportion it is obvious that as long as the armature a will rest against the contact a/ the current from the'source d will flow in its greater part through coil of electromagnet cl2, will ener ize this electromagnet, and will therefore aw its armaturec13 downward, whereby the lever c will assume the position as illustrated in the drawingthat is, the lever end near this electromagnet will be down and the opposite end up. When now the armature j of the relay A moves from a toward c2, the lever c will still remain in this position, for the reason that no force is present to alter this position; but as soon as the armature a connects withthe contact a2 a circuit will be establishedv around the resistance d2, consisting of wire 7, armature c, contact a2, wire 5 binding-post c7, coil of electromagnet c4, binding-post c6, and wire 4, and as the resistance value of this circuit is lower than the value of the resistance dZ--twenty-one against one hundred-the current will flow through the circuit including electromagnet c4, energizing the same and drawing its armature c5, and therefore the right-hand side of the lever c, downward till the screw c touches the bracket c2.

To obviate the sticking and sparking in the relay A, I have recourse to the following arrangement: The bracket c2 is connected, through wire 8, with wire 2, being the junction of the resistances d and d?. The lever c is, through wire 10, binding-post c", and wire 6, in electrical connection with one terminal of resistance d, and the insulated screw c is, through wire 9, in electrical connection with one terminal of resistance d2.

The working of the whole arrangement is as follows: Normallythat is, when not in use-the armature a of the relay A is made to rest on contact a through the action of the established circuit including coil of electromagnet cl2. The end of the lever c near the magnet c12 will be pulled downward and the opposite` end therefore be pulled upward till the lever end strikes the screw c3; but as the lever cis in electrical connection with one terminal of resistance d and the bracket c2, and therefore screw c3, in electrical connection with the other terminal of said resistance d', and as this circuit is of very low resistance as compared with the resistance d/ or the resistance of the circuit including electromagnet c12 the current will cease to flow through said electromagnet, and therefore through the junction between armature c and contact a', as soon as the lever end touches the screw c3,- but the ceasing of this flow of current will, as said above, not alter the position of the lever c, and the sa'me will remain in. this position till the circuit including the electromagnet c4l is established. Should now the operator send an impulse over the line which energizes the relay A in a manner so as to move the armature a away from contact c and toward, to, and in connection with contact a?, the circuit including c will be broken; but as through the former establishing of the lowresistance circuit comprising wires 6 and 10, lever c, screw c3, bracket c2, and wire 8 the flow of the current was before this breaking occurred diverted from the circuit embracing a it is obvious that no sparking will follow the breaking away of the armature a from c and therefore the sticking of the armature, a result of the heating effect of the current, will entirely be obviated but the lever c will still remain in its normal position till the armature comes to a rest against a2, establishing the circuit including electromagnet c4. The flow of the current in this circuitwill, as said above, move the lever in opposite direction-that is, will bring the end near bracket c2 downward-till the screw c comes in contact with the extended part of the bracket 02; but as this screw is connected with one terminal of the resistance (Z2-the bracket with the other terminal of said resistance-a short circuit of far lower resistance than d2 or the circuit including az is established, and the current will be diverted from the circuit including (1,2 and will flow practically in its entirety through the short circuit. Should now the operator send an impulse over the line resulting, in the breaking/ away of armature c from 0,2, the circuit including a2 will be broken; but

as no current is flowing in this circuit at themoment of separating armature a from con- IOO tact a2 no, sparking or sticking will result Y from this separation. c

Persons versed in the artY will readily understand that the arrangement, as above described and illustrated in the drawing, is designed to be used in connection with a system of telegraphy, whereby an impulse of one polarity is used to produce a symbol of the alphabet, and whereby an impulse of opposite polarity is used to complete a symbol, and whereby the length of time elapsing between two impulses characterizes the nature of such symbols-that is, if the sameV symbolizes a dot or a clash.l It is now supposed that the transmitted impulse, sending the armature a toward, to, and in contact with (1,2, is the signaling impulse, and the impulse sending the armature toward, to, and in contact with a/ is the terminating impulse. The method of sending and receiving messages is then a very simple one. The operator if desirous to transmit a dot sends, say, a positive impulse over the line, closing the circuit embracing a and a2 and sends after one unit of time the negative impulse over the wire,

which will break the circuit including a2, but

will make the circuit including a. The first IIO on the sounder a movement which is called the downstroke The second impulse will produce on the sounder an upward movement of the lever, till its end strikes against the screw c3, and this movement is known by persons versed in the art as the upper stroke. It the operator desires to transmit a dash, he will iirst send the posiv tive impulse and will then wait two or three units of time till he sends the opposing or negative impulse, and the receiving operator will readily recognize by the time unit a lapsing between the first and second impulse the value of the character received-that is, if the same is meant to be a dot or a dash.

I am aware that instead of the circuit arrangement as illustrated each of the contacts a and c2 maybe provided with a separate circuit; but I prefer the arrangement as illustrated, as the same has proven in practice more satisfactory.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is*

1. In telegraphy a line of transmission, a polarized relay in said line, a local circuit connected to said relay, translating device in said circuit and means dependent on the movement of the movable part of said translating device to establish a shunt around the circuit connected to said relay and including said translating device.

2. A telegraphic system embracing at the receiving-station a polarized relay, a localized circuit for said relay, an electromagnetic device for said circuit, two sets of electromagnets for said device and means, therefore, to establish a short circuit around said localized circuit; the relay, the electromagnetic device, the localized and short circuit all in operative relation as to each other.

3. In combination with a telegraphic relay connected in the line of transmission, a translating device connected to a localized circuit, movable means operated by said relay to open and close said circuit and means for said translating device to divert the iiow of the current from the parts of the relay connected to said circuit, before said circuit is broken through the movement ofthe movable means of said relay.

4. In telegraphy means to prevent the sparking and sticking in a relaydue to the breaking of a localized circuit through the movement of the armature of said relay, said means embracing electromagnetic means adapted to create a shunt around the circuit connected to said relay.

5. In combination with a relay connected .to the line of transmission, a sounder provided with two sets of electromagnets, a circuit for each set, means for said relay to close an electric circuit including one of said sets, through the movement of its armature in one direction and to close an electric circuit including the second set, through a movement of the armature in the opposite direction, and means operatively related to said sounder to divert the flow of the current from that part of the circuit which is connected to the relay proper.

6. In telegraphy a relay connected to the line of transmission, a movable armature for said relay, a localized electric circuit operatively connected to said relay, a translating device in said circuit, the terminals of said circuit adapted to be -closed or opened through the movement of the armature of said relay and means operatively connected to the translating device to divert the flow of the current Jfrom said relay after the terminals have been closed through the armature of said relay.

7. In combination with a relay connected to a line of transmission a local circuit normally closed, two resistances of a comparatively high value for said circuit, a branch circuit for each of said resistances, a translating device provided with two sets of electromagnets, one set included in one branch circuit and the second set included in the second branch circuit, said branch circuits adapted to `be opened and closed through the movement of the armature of said relay and means at said translating device to divert the iow of the current from one or the other of the branch circuits.

8. In telegraphy means to prevent sparking or sticking in a polarized relay connected to a localized circuit embracing an electromagnetic device, said means embracing means operatively connected to said electromagnetic device and adapted to establish a shunt around the localized circuit, thereby diverting the flow of the current from said localized circuit into said shunt-circuit.

In testimony whereof I a'iix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ISIDOR KITSEE.

Witnesses:

ALvAH RITTENIIoUsE, MARTHA BoNNER.

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